> > EcmaScript, DOMs, and CSS are seen
> > as part of HTML in popular culture,
> 
> And are a great example of category 2 above, not 1.

But frm the users point of view, they are a single technology, called
HTML.  Remember that a lot of web page coding is by cut and paste/cook
book methods so whole chunks of code are just magic incantations.

The distinction between 1 and 2 is only in the eyes of the language
designer or product developer, not that of the general user.